does neither. The twelve essays that make up the book range randomly over more than 2,500 years and are in no sense a comparative study. Each of the essays-whether on the healing power of medieval women, or the role of the blues in African-American women's literature, or on women doctors in Virginia Woolf's writing-is discrete and unrelated to every other essay. It is an example of a burgeoning...

Modern techniques allow experiments on a single atom or system, with new phenomena and new challenges for the theoretician. We discuss what quantum mechanics has to say about a single system. The quantum jump approach as well as the role of quantum trajectories are outlined and a rather sophisticated example is given.

In the 1980s it was still possible to defend proudly and with impunity the traditional definition of plagiarism and the commonsensical delineation of scholarly standards and responsibilities. Take, for example, Peter Shaw’s 1982 essay on “Plagiary” in The American Scholar. His contentions and conclusions were simple and straightforward: that a plagiarist remains as Lord Chesterfield described h...

In the history of the United States, the years following the Civil War symbolized a time of healing and rebuilding. However, for those engaged in serious literary circles that period was full of upheaval. In fact, it can be said that a “literary civil war” raged on between the camps of the romantics and the realists and later, the naturalists (“History 426”). What was caught in between was the ...

this study entitled intellectuals and their relations to alienation: a comparative study of “ghada al-samman and ghazaleh alizadeh novels. the study includes ghada al-samman’s novels, namely: “beirut nightmares”, “the eve of billion”, as it discusses ghazaleh alizadeh’s novels, namely: “idriss house”. this comparative study uses the methods of the american school, which focus on common and unco...