Isomap is one of widely-used low-dimensional embedding methods, where geodesic distances on a weighted graph are incorporated with the classical scaling (metric multidimensional scaling). In this paper we pay our attention to two critical issues that were not considered in Isomap, such as: (1) generalization property (projection property); (2) topological stability. Then we present a robust ker...

This paper presents a novel layout model and floorplanning tool particularly suitable for taking into account user defined layout constraints on specific sets of modules and specific locations. The user defined layout constraints can be the setting of any common topological property associated with a group of specific modules such as the neighboring property for example. Or the use of any topol...

This paper examines the critical role of the global expansion of IP rights in the construction and maintenance of digital inequalities and suggests that the irresolution of the World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) as well as the struggles for a Development Agenda mark a crucial dimension in the global politics of digital inequalities. It suggests that a pathway to understanding these poli...

A vertex subset S of a graph G is a dominating set if every vertex of G either belongs to S or is adjacent to a vertex of S. The cardinality of a smallest dominating set is called the dominating number of G and is denoted by γ(G). A graph G is said to be γ-vertex-critical if γ(G− v) < γ(G), for every vertex v in G. Let G be a 2-connected K1,5-free 3-vertex-critical graph. For any vertex v ∈ V (...

We describe a conservative numerical scheme with the property of uniform exponential decay for the critical case of the Generalized Korteweg-de Vrie equation (p = 4), with damping.

Countries throughout Sub-Saharan Africa are exploring options to improve local property taxation. Using the case of Kenya, this article provides an analytical framework for designing an effective property tax reform strategy. The first section presents a general conceptual model of property tax revenues, identifying four critical ratios that ultimately determine the effectiveness of any propert...

competition is against monopoly and intellectual property creates monopoly for intellectual property owner. this article had been paid cooperation between apparently contradictory policies. exhaustion, parallel imports, compulsory license, intellectual property exploitation contract that coincide with competition are methods of cooperation between intellectual property and competition law. comp...