BACKGROUND Determining arsenic exposure in groups based on geographic location, dietary behaviors, or lifestyles is important, as even moderate exposures may lead to health concerns. OBJECTIVES/METHODS The Korean community in Washington State, represents a group warranting investigation, as they consume foods (e.g., shellfish, rice, finfish, and seaweed) known to contain arsenic. As part of t...

The maximum cumulative ratio (MCR) developed in previous work is a tool to evaluate the need to perform cumulative risk assessments. MCR is the ratio of the cumulative exposures to multiple chemicals to the maximum exposure from one of the chemicals when exposures are described using a common metric. This tool is used to evaluate mixtures of chemicals measured in samples of untreated ground wat...

In recent years, farming section of South Khorasan Province faces different limitations such as increasing shortage of water resources and continuous reduction of weather showers.Considering consecutive droughts and water crisis in agricultural plain of the province, it is necessary to use water resources optimally and increase productivity of water shortage input. Comparison of water productiv...

estimation of water demand in the different sectors, spatially in the urban areas is an important subject that it has considered by scientists and economic researchers’. water shortage and related challenges are most important problems of cities. this study was done according to stonegray function and consumer behavior in microeconomic theory. lineline, log line, loglog and some kinds of econom...

a comprehensive assessment of drought environmental and socio-economic impacts provides critical information to rational decisions supporting drought mitigation policies and programs. the objectives of this study were to survey environmental and socio-economic impacts of drought in guilan province, and prioritize them from the viewpoint of paddy farmers. this study was a descriptive-correlation...