This paper considers a special vehicle routing problem, the two-echelon problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup demands (2E-VRPSDP). The 2EVRPSDP differs from classic transportation problems in two ways. First, freight depot to customers is managed by shipping through intermediate satellites. Second, each customer 2E-VRPSDP may have demands. an extension of (2E-VRP) (VRPSDP). A variable n...

This article concerns a problem still seldom studied, the two-echelon or two-level vehicle routing problem (LRP-2E). It is raised by distribution or collection networks involving two sets of vehicle trips: first-level trips serve from a main depot a set of satellite depots, which must be located, while second-level trips visit customers from these satellites. After a literature review on the LR...

Sustainable supply chain management has been an increasingly important topic of research in recent years. At the strategic level, there are computational models which study supply and distribution networks with environmental considerations. At the operational level, there are, for example, routing and scheduling models which are constrained by carbon emissions. Our paper explores work in tactic...

Abstract Over the past decade, electric vehicles (EVs) have been considered in a growing number of models and methods for vehicle routing problems (VRPs). This study presents comprehensive survey EV their many variants. We only consider which each may visit multiple vertices be recharged during trip. The related literature can roughly divided into nine classes: Electric traveling salesman probl...

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In considering route optimization from multiple distribution centers called depots via some intermediate facilities satellites to final customers with commodities request, we introduce the Multi-Commodity Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem Satellite Synchronization (MC-2E-VRPSS). The MC-2E-VRPSS involves transportation on first echelon and deliveries second e...

The purpose of this research is to present a new mathematical modeling for a vehicle routing problem considering concurrently the criteria such as distance, weight, traffic considerations, time window limitation, and heterogeneous vehicles in the reverse logistics network for collection of expired products. In addition, we aim to present an efficient solution approach according to differential ...