This paper reviews and summarises the results of selected studies on performance gaps between multinational enterprises and their domestic counterparts. Performance gaps arise in such fields as productivity, technology, profitability, wages, skills and growth. While these gaps are often attributed to foreign ownership of the affiliates, the theory of the Multinational Enterprise argues that the...

although economic and managerial literature is replete with studies that probe about productivity but only a few studies decompose it to its components (technological changes, managerial efficiency changes and scale efficiency changes)and analysis their share in productivity changes (positively or negatively). accordingly, this article attempts to explain the issue by decompose productivity to ...

Property right literature suggests that ownership of the output of a joint research is assigned so as to enhance the research productivity, given that a research contract is significantly incomplete. This paper examines this view, exploiting rich information at the project level hand collected through a large scale inventor survey in Japan. We have found that the contribution of non-contractibl...

The purposeof this studywas to Analyzing factors that effecting on rangeland degradation. Statistical population of this research consisted of whole farmer in Pirtaj district (N= 1600); from that 120 farmer were selected as sample using cluster sampling. The main tool to collect data was a researcher made questionnaire that Content validity of the questionnaire was approved, by a panel of exper...

Productivity differences between tenant and owner operated farms have often been investigated using traditional methods. All these studies compute the partial productivity differences between the two farm ownership types. This paper takes the analysis one step further by examining the differences in efficiency among these two farm types. A stochastic frontier production function analysis reveal...