Introduction Periodontal tissue is a complete and complex system not only includes cementum/periodontal complex, but also periodontal/alveolar complex which is more significant for tooth regeneration. Numerous therapeutic measures have been utilized over the years in an attempt to achieve predicable periodontal regeneration. However, limitations of current regeneration modalities in both predic...

The issues of loss of quality of life and functional disruption of the river valleys are very important. In the present settlement system, the river valleys should not be places for reproducing poverty. To link the environmental values with urban development, the research is to answer the following question: How can the results of the integrated development of urban valleys be achieved via urba...

Introduction: While the necessity of replacing voxels with blobs in conventional tomographic reconstruction based upon line-integrals is clear, it is not however well-investigated in plane- integral-based reconstruction. The problem is more challenging in convergent-plane projection reconstruction. In this work, we are aiming at utilizing blobs as alternative to voxels. <stron...

Background: Nowadays combined high tibial osteotomy and ACL reconstruction is accepted as a safe and effectivesurgery for patients with symptomatic varus osteoarthritis and anterior knee instability; however, the source of varusdeformity is sometimes the femoral bone. No studies have reported concomitant ACL reconstruction and distal femoralosteotomy in ACL-deficient knees wit...

abstract background: the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (tram) flap remains the gold standard for postmastectomy reconstruction either immediate or delayed. however, transfer of tram flap can be associated with donor site morbidities and complications in flap. a successful reconstruction consists of careful patient selection, surgical technique and meticulous preoperative planning...

Surgical reattachment of tendon and bone such as in rotator cuff repair, patellar-patella tendon repair and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction often fails due to the failure of regeneration of the specialized tissue ("enthesis") which connects tendon to bone. Tendon-to-bone healing taking place between inhomogenous tissues is a slow process compared to healing within homogenous tis...