This article discusses what is known about the economic status of the aged. Numerous complexities involved in the assessment of their status are discussed. Compared with most other recent assessments, this study finds a less favorable status for the aged relative to other age groups. The focus is on an examination of detailed age groups, rather than summary aged and nonaged groups-thus providin...

According to a celebrated result by Löwner, a real-valued function f is operator monotone if and only if its Löwner matrix, which is the matrix of divided differences Lf = ( f(xi)−f(xj) xi−xj )N i,j=1 , is positive semidefinite for every integer N > 0 and any choice of x1, x2, . . . , xN . In this paper we answer a question of R. Bhatia, who asked for a characterisation of real-valued functions...

We investigate the impact of ‘Working Credit’, a nationally-implemented programme which created increased incentives for welfare recipients to undertake temporary work. Highlighting the difficulties in identifying programme effects in the absence of a randomised controlled trial or a natural experiment, we produce estimates of impacts under alternative identifying assumptions and also undertake...

the distinguishing characteristic in the third millennium is planning based on principles of sustainable development in line with nature and all activities related to urban issues. ecological concepts and consequently ecological park refers to a comprehensive and integrated set of measures which create coordination, balance between the constituent elements of the park in order to establish sust...

Customized tourism is gaining more and attention in the era of prominent personalization tourists. Private customization has disadvantages such as high cost resource consumption. To save resources costs from three aspects travel companies, tourists, society, it proposed to bring similar tourists together customize itineraries for Online information related transportation help companies itinerar...