This paper provides an introduction to Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and how they can be used. It reviews the current state of GIS use in health care before identifying the barriers to more pervasive use of GIS in health. Finally, it makes recommendations for the direction of health GIS research over the next decade and concludes with a call to action to health informatics researchers ...

In this paper, we first give a characterization of sub-topical functions with respect to their lower level sets and epigraph. Next, by using two different classes of elementary functions, we present a characterization of sub-topical functions with respect to their polar functions, and investigate the relation between polar functions and support sets of this class of functions. Finally, we obtai...

This paper establishes an architecture for global user interfaces by defining appropriate user tasks and designing an agent-based interface mechanism for distributed geographic information services. User tasks include query, display, data integration, and GIS processing functions. The use of intelligent agents is justified in the context of increasing geospatial data volume, increasing complexi...

Photogrammetry offers suitable, reliable and accurate methods for gathering data and making 3D digital models, which have vast applications in design and implementation of information systems such as GIS. On the other hand, Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems are used for drawing, editing, and representing 3D geometric models of features. CAD editing functions are used for simplifying data-clea...

BACKGROUND An extensive West Nile virus surveillance program of dead birds, mosquitoes, horses, and human infection has been launched as a result of West Nile virus first being reported in Canada in 2001. Some desktop and web GIS have been applied to West Nile virus dead bird surveillance. There have been urgent needs for a comprehensive GIS services and real-time surveillance. RESULTS A pilo...