The Neolithic was marked by a transition from small and relatively egalitarian groups to much larger groups with increased stratification. But, the dynamics of this remain poorly understood. It is hard to see how despotism can arise without coercion, yet coercion could not easily have occurred in an egalitarian setting. Using a quantitative model of evolution in a patch-structured population, w...

There is a trend in health systems around the world to place great emphasis on and faith in improving 'leadership'. Leadership has been defined in many ways and the elitist implications of traditional notions of leadership sit uncomfortably with modern healthcare organisations. The concept of distributed leadership incorporates inclusivity, collectiveness and collaboration, with the result that...

in the last decade, with the entry of spirituality in the organizational and management research, spirituality leadership, also, has attracted a considerable amount of attention. the new realm of spiritual leadership, similar to both areas of spirituality and leadership, suffers from a lack of consensus and from variety in definition and impression. proposed models of spiritual leadership have ...

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) believes that pharmacists who practice in hospitals and health systems (“health-system pharmacists”) have a critical leadership role in national health care quality-improvement initiatives. Health-system pharmacists possess the knowledge of drug therapy and medication-use systems required to successfully implement quality-assurance and im...

In the recent years in South Africa as elsewhere in Africa, the debate on the legitimate authority to foster democracy, community development and social equality has taken centre stage. Some scholars have argued that modern governments are the rightful authorities while others argue for traditional institutions such as traditional leadership. In this paper, we go beyond either party’s position ...

The Unique Identification (UID) initiative is a forthcoming and highly ambitious project in India where each resident of India will be issued a unique number that can be used lifelong and anywhere (Rai, 2009). The central government under the leadership of Mr. Nandan Nilekani, Minister of State, created the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), an agency responsible for implementing...

with regard to the evidences of the rule, what is inferred from the qur’an and the tradition (sunna) about the matter of authority over possessions, is the impermissibility of other’s invasion of human self, which is totally unrelated to the assertion of one’s authority over oneself. the realm and the quality of human’s authority over his own organs are not known to the wise, as the relevant po...

Institutional recommendation is an important factor for building trust in business or social interactions. Institutional ratings are issued by trusted authorities such as public bodies or reference publications. They assess people’s expertise, the quality of products or services or the economic health of companies among other. Institutional ratings are characterized by objective and repeatable ...

leadership is in fact a process of influencing followers. characteristics of leadership are functions of time and situation and differ in different cultures and countries. managers of international organizations should obtain enough knowledge of these cultural characteristics and differences and should have the utmost versatility while executing their leadership tasks. in this paper we have con...