We answer a question of Cenzer and Smith by constructing a nonzero degree each of whose members is a rank one point of a Π? class. The technique of proof is a rather unusual full approximation argument. This method would seem to have other applications.

High phosphorus concentrations causing eutrophication will prevent many lakes in England and Wales from reaching good ecological status by 2015 according to the EC Water Framework Directive (WFD). The aim of this study was to estimate the percentage of lakes in England and Wales that are likely to fail recently agreed WFD phosphorus standards. As measured lake phosphorus concentrations are only...

anthropogenic alterations have affected urban hydrology in india and have generated a wide range of hydrological problems. such alterations include increase in directly-connected impervious cover thus reducing natural groundwater recharge. in the past urban runoff was largely viewed as a nuisance, but within the new paradigm of sustainability, this water is recognized as a potential resource. t...

We compared the sensitivity of algae and hermit crabs to seasonal shifts in the dominance of continuous sewage discharge vs. pulsed inputs of terrestrial material to a subtropical bay. During periods of low rainfall, when sewage was proportionately more important than diffuse loads from adjacent catchments, algae and crabs provided comparable information on the spatial distribution of N polluti...

Nitrate monitoring is commonly conducted with low-spatial resolution, only at the outlet or a small number of selected locations. As result, information about spatial variations in nitrate export and its drivers scarce. In this study, we present results high-spatial resolution between 2012 2017 65 sub-catchments an Alpine mesoscale river catchment characterized by land-use gradient. We combined...

Accurate estimate of flood flows at selected return periods is a fundamental step in flood control and design of hydraulic structures. Due to the inadequacy or unavailability of flood flow records in several western catchments of Iran, traditional regional flood frequency methods lead to remarkable estimate errors, particularly for long return periods. In this research, discriminant analysis is...

A physically-based, distributed-parameter hydrologic model was used to simulate a recent flood event in the city of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia to gain a better understanding of the runoff generation and spatial distribution of flooding. The city is located in a very arid catchment. Flooding of the city is influenced by the presence of three major tributaries that join the main channel in and a...