A basic precondition of social life is that conflicts must be resolved when you need each other. A new study shows that men affiliate more after one-on-one conflicts than women. This reflects the deep evolutionary history of male bonding.

Despite much recent rhetoric predicting growing conflict, even wars, over water, the weight of historical evidence points overwhelmingly to peaceful resolution of such conflicts. Water in fact tends to act as a catalyst for cooperation.

the russian foreign policy toward various issues is often combined with complexity, ambiguity and conflicts. this fact was true at least in the history of relations between iran and russia, so that russian face is depicted as an unreliable partner for the iranian citizens and elites. with the importance of this issue, the study aims to answer this central question: what are the reasons for thes...

according to the current challenges toward low water use efficiency in agriculture, paying attention to the role of public participation in order to improve irrigation efficiency and effectiveness with useful methods and tools is essential. hence, approaches such as participatory irrigation management has been proposed and applied. after the primary investigation in this study, experiences of i...