Overview: Recall that a point estimator for a parameter of interest is a statistic which is a function of the random variables from which our sampling method chooses values. The properties of such an estimator, such as having a small bias or a small mean square error, are usually dependent only upon certain features of the sampling distribution of the statistic, such as its mean or variance. Ho...

This work deals with a general problem of testing multiple hypotheses about the distribution of a discrete-time stochastic process. Both the Bayesian and the conditional settings are considered. The structure of optimal sequential tests is characterized.

lymph node status remains an important prognostic indicator for survival in breast cancer. sentinel lymph node biopsy has become the standard method of assessment of clinically node negative breast cancers. economic implications as well as patient related factors have lead to the development a number of intra-operative techniques. review of the emerging trends in the last 4 years show that alth...

the rational expectations permanent income hypothesis implies that consumption follows a martingale. however, most empirical tests have rejected the hypothesis. those empirical tests are based on linear models. if the data generating process is non-linear, conventional tests may not assess some of the randomness properly. as a result, inference based on conventional tests of linear models can b...

i n addition to labor force and capital, energy plays a significant role in the production of commodities and services. energy is the driving force of production activities. therefore, it is an essential ingredient of growth and development. results obtained from this paper show that the growth of oil products consumption has a positive effect on economic development via two channels: firstly, ...