the research discussed in this article consists of the process ended to propos a structure for social welfare and security which took more than 11 months in social security research institute. the main topics discussed are as follows: 1- the importance of social security and its relationship to economic growth, social justice, human generosity and national honor. 2- the basis and opportunities ...

In a context of globalization, municipalities and metropolitan regions are involved in international competition to support economic growth. This leads to new forms of collaboration between public authorities and businesses, giving birth to new forms of urban and metropolitan governances. Moreover, many old neighborhoods of the central city and some districts of the old suburbs face growth in u...

This article studies whether the Islamic world's geopolitics has enough capacity and capability to compete in the power game and world leadership. The results of this article indicate that Islamic world's geopolitics with a lot of economic, military, strategic and ideological capacities is capable enough to compete with great powers in the track to achieve world leadership; on the condition tha...

LIBRARY TRENDS, Vol. 62, No. 3, 2014 (“Essays in Honor of W. Boyd Rayward: Part 2,” edited by Alistair Black and Charles van den Heuvel), pp. 504–518. © 2014 The Board of Trustees, University of Illinois Abstract Focusing on the development of international librarianship in the interwar period, this paper uses the Paris Library School as a case study to explore the impact of new forms of intern...

The purpose of this paper is to argue states are not organizations, but rather the objective legal persons of international law. The ontological similarities and differences between states and organizations are examined, but, by drawing upon literature in political geography and international law, ultimately shows that states cannot be organizations based in large part on the fact that states c...

This paper discusses the evolution of scientific and social understanding that has led to the development of knowledge systems supporting the application of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts, including the development of successful efforts to connect climate predictions with sectoral applications and actions "on the ground". The evolution of "boundary-spanning" activities to connect...