The development of landscape ecology and its many applications to land management created a need for courses that address both the conceptual and practical sides of the discipline. Graduate seminars and full-fledged courses in landscape ecology are now featured at many colleges and universities; undergraduate ecology courses may include an introduction to principles of landscape ecology. Becaus...

Many organizational theories are not sanguine over the chances of organizations to adapt and evolve, even if they should learn from the past through memory. Innovative search in the adaptive biology tradition leads quickly to dead ends. However, memory is useful for rendering innovative search more efficient. The concept from evolutionary biology of neutrality and drift along neutral pathways i...

In a greening Arctic, Iceland stands out as an area with very high increases in the AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, 1982–2010). We investigated the possible sources of this anomalous greening in Iceland’s dynamic landscape, analyzing changes due to volcanism and warming temperatures, and the effects of agricultural and industrial land use changes. The analysis showed the inc...

1 Palaeoecology and Landscape Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA, 3 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Panama, 4 Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, US...

Assessing the model performance of an integrated hydrological and biogeochemical model for discharge and nitrate load predictions T. Pohlert, L. Breuer, J. A. Huisman, and H.-G. Frede Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Gießen, Germany Received: 12 July 2006 – Accepted: 28 August 2006 – Published: 12 September 2...

The interrelationships of the fundamental biological processes natural selection, mutation, and stochastic drift are quantified by the entropy rate of Moran processes with mutation, measuring the long-run variation of a Markov process. The entropy rate is shown to behave intuitively with respect to evolutionary parameters such as monotonicity with respect to mutation probability (for the neutra...