We examine the effectiveness of the conventional (Q, r) model in managing production-inventory systems with finite capacity, stochastic demand, and stochastic order processing times. We show that, for systems with finite production capacity, order replenishment lead times are highly sensitive to loading and order quantity. Consequently, the choice of optimal order quantity and optimal reorder p...

This article is part of a series written for people responsible for making decisions about health policies and programmes and for those who support these decision makers. After a policy decision has been made, the next key challenge is transforming this stated policy position into practical actions. What strategies, for instance, are available to facilitate effective implementation, and what is...

This paper considers a two stages pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) consisting of a pharmaceutical manufacturer (pharma-manufacturer) that supplies one type of pharmaceutical product to a pharma-retailer. The customer demand rate for the pharmaceutical product is dependent on the pharma-retailer’s current-inventory level. The pharma-retailer determines the order quantity ( ) value as decision v...

Monetary environment as the core of financial system has been functionally designed in light of the new set of extensive goals including financial stability, sustainable noninflationary growth, external sustainability, and price stability. A comprehensive monetary policy framework is proposed for Iran which systematically include the new goals, stance variables, instruments, transmission mechan...

This study aimed to examine the policies in the Iranian English for Academic Purposes (EAP) education and the extent to which objectives match the policies and are materialized in practice. To this end, course descriptions in the syllabi for the EAP programs were evaluated through document analysis and triangulated with the experts’ perspectives through interviews to examine the current status ...

In the modern world, government policy makers engage in the decision making process to pursue the interests of their countries. Think tanks play a significant role in this complicated process by giving advice to decision makers. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, think tanks increasingly emerged in the world, especially in Western European countries and the United States of America (...

Value speculation is a speculative technique proposed to reduce the execution time of programs. It relies on a predictor, a checker and a recovery mechanism. The predictor predicts the result of an instruction in order to issue speculatively its dependent instructions, the checker checks the prediction after issuing the predicted instruction, and the recovery mechanism deals with mispredictions...

in this article, a finite horizon, multi product and multi period economic order quantity like seasonal items is considered where demand rate is deterministic and known but variable in each period. the order quantities of items come in batch sizes and the end of the period order quantity and, consequently, demand of customers are zero. in addition, storage space is constrained and the problem ...