Several recent studies have used multivariate unobserved components models to identify the output gap and the NAIRU. A key assumption of these models is that one common cycle component, such as the output gap, drives the cyclical fluctuations in all variables included in the model. This paper also uses the multivariate approach to estimate the euro area output gap and the trends and cycles in o...

Nowadays, industrialization exposes the human and environment resources to serious dangers. The importance of these resources caused the HSE (health, safety and environment) to have a significant contribution in industries’ evaluation, especially in construction industry. While evaluating the project’s success from an HSE point of view, it is not enough to rely solely on the outputs without con...

The aim of this paper is determination of an optimal policy rule for Iranian economy from an Islamic perspective. This study draws on an Islamic instrument known as the Musharakah contract to design a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. In this model the interest rate is no longer considered as a monetary policy instrument and the focus is on the impact of economic shocks on the Dynam...

We study single error-correcting codes for the asymmetric channel with input and output alphabets being {0, 1 ..... a 1/. From an abe|ian group G of order N with elements go = O, gl ..... gN 1, Constantin and Rao (1979, Inform. Contr. 40, 20-36) define Vg = {(b~, b2 ..... bN1) C {0, 1 ..... a -1 }N-I I Z~-,' b~gi = g} and show that Vg correct single errors. We give explicit expressions for the ...