Political participation is one of the important issues drawn to the special attention of various fields of social sciences and politics. Today, women as an effective group in participation and political participation especially have an important role in political decision-making. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine social factors affecting women's political participation i...

This paper analyzes the duration of large economic declines and provides a theory of delayed recovery. First, we develop a formal political economy model that illustrates a simple mechanism of how weak constraints on the political executive can lead to longer declines in ethnically heterogeneous countries. The model shows how uncertain post-recovery incomes and a ‘winner-take-all’ threshold eff...

political marketing shares many characteristics in common with marketing in the business world. in business marketing , sellers dispatch goods, services, and communications[e.g.advertising] to the market and in return, money [consumer purchases], information [consumer research], and customer loyalty are received. in political campaigns, candidates dispatch promises , favors , policy preferences...

We present a new dataset with 15 indicators for the political, economic and social impact of colonialism. This dataset and our four indices for the impact of colonialism create for the first time the opportunity to compare directly the levels of colonial transformation for a sample of 83 African and Asian countries. Some of our exploratory findings on the interrelation of the dimensions show th...

In this article, the role of Sociological Factors affecting youthparticipation in the cities of Mazandaran province has been investigated. The theoretical framework and theoretical model were presented using theorist's theory such as Lipset, Weber, Perry, and so on. This research was conducted through a survey method, formal and structural validity was used and reliability was also obtained usi...