this research has been taken among the students of high school in karaj city during the years 1391 and 1392. this is a survey research and data gathering is through questionnaires. studying the “an analysis of students’ tendency toward non-native reference groups in karaj”. the questionnaire was distributed among 260 of these students who were chosen through multi step cluster sampling. conside...

this study compared the different effects of form-focused guided planning vs. meaning-focused guided planning on iranian pre-intermediate students’ task performance. the study lasted for three weeks and concentrated on eight english structures. forty five pre-intermediate iranian students were randomly assigned to three groups of guided planning focus-on-form group (gpfg), guided planning focus...

this study was conducted to investigate the effect of favorite-text on iranian intermediate efl learners’ vocabulary development. sixty learners from nour-al-mahdi english institute participated in the present study. having been homogenized by oxford placement test (opt), they were randomly assigned into two groups of 30, control and experimental. then both groups sat for a pre-test which was a...

Introduction: Propofol is one of the most common anesthetic drugs. Painful injection with a reported prevalence of 28 to 90% in various studies is one of the problems of taking Propofol. The present study investigated the effect of performing the Valsalva maneuver and tourniquet twisting on pain intensity and hemodynamic changes. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 105 p...

Objective: The aim of this study is to measure the effect of different condensation pressure on the microleakage of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA).  Methods: This study was an invitro study. A total of 55 single rooted straight-canal human extracted sound teeth free of cracks or calcification were selected. Teeth were sectioned from CEJ region at 3 mm above the root apex. Remaining specimens ...

Background & Aims: Pressure ulcer is a serious problem in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. It is associated with major complications such as prolonged length of stay and delayed recovery. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and grade of pressure ulcers in smokers and non-smokers admitted to the intensive care unit. Materials & Methods: This study is an analytical cr...

Background & Objectives: Numerous studies on improving physical fitness in bodybuilding athletes with resistance training have pointed the side effects of this type of training. Unfortunately, little research has been done on the effect of resistance training patterns on cardiovascular variations. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of flat and double pyramid loading patterns of...

Background & Aim: Anxiety is one of the emotional conditions among patients scheduled for surgery that can result in increasing postoperative pain, increasing analgesic and anesthetic requirements and prolonging hospital stay. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of acupressure (acupuncture without needle) in reducing patients;apos anxiety before abdominal surgeries. Methods &...