Background and Aim: At the end of fixed orthodontic treatment, enamel damages are affected by amount of adhesive remnants. Thus, determining the factors involves in the amount of adhesive remnants e.g. the types of resins and the methods used for debonding is of necessity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the composite resin type and debonding pliers on enamel surface by a ne...

in current study, 63 samples of bat populations collected from differ regions were used for evaluating the geographic variations. twenty cranial and dental characters for traditional morphometric and landmarks method on the ventral, dorsal skull and mandible for geometry morphometric studies were used. statistical analyses of traditional morphometric and geometry morphometric data indicated low...

 Background & Aims: irritant stimuli cause a pain response in neonates and neglecting this pain may cause severe long term adverse effects for the neonates. Several pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic methods have been suggested for reducing neonatal pain but few comprehensive studies have compared these methods. This study compares the efficacy of three different methods for reducing neonatal ...

abstract recent studies suggest that prelistening activities play an important role in the development of listening comprehension (e.g. long 1990;chiang and dunkel 1992; schmidt-rinehart 1994; jensen and hansen 1995; robinson et al., 1995; buck, 1995; foster and skehan,1996; teng 1996; robinson, 2001; chang and read 2006). in line with previous studies and to shed light on a new aspect of sche...

this study sought to examine the effect of cooperative game on iranian students achievements in english alphabet learning. cooperative games are games, in which players or teams work together towards a common goal without defeating someone. the methodology used in this study was experimental. the population of the study was 60 female students from the grade one in secondary school in tabriz, ir...

learning-oriented assessment seeks to emphasise that a fundamental purpose of assessment should be to promote learning. it mirrors formative assessment and assessment for learning processes. it can be defined as actions undertaken by teachers and / or students, which provide feedback for the improvement of teaching and learning. it also contrasts with equally important measurement-focused appro...

w. a. dudek, m. shahryari, representation theory of polyadic groups, algebra and representation theory, 2010. و a. borowiec, w. a. dudek, s. duplij, bi-element representations of ternary groups, comminications in algebra 34 (2006). هدف اصلی این پایان نامه، معرفی نمایش های گروه های n-تایی و بررسی ویژگی های اصلی آن ها با تمرکز روی گروه های سه تایی است.

within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...

abstract this study examined the relationship between noticing pronunciation and the improvement pronunciation by administering a 50 item story, as proficiency- test in order to investigate the effectiveness of noticing pronunciation on the improvement of pronunciation. accordingly 60 qualified students were selected and assigned to the two groups of experimental and control randomly, each gr...