Downhole drilling motors or mud motors are frequently used during the oil and gas well construction, especially for construction of directional and horizontal segments. However, low operation life of the down hole drilling motors and high rate of wear in their working elements may constrain their application due to technical and economical disadvantageousness. In this work, a high-torque modula...

Optimization of drilling fluid parameters such as mud weight, salt concentration, and temperature is essential to alleviate instability problems during drilling through shale sections. The selection of suitable mud parameters can benefit from analyses that consider significant instability processes involved in shale-drilling–fluid interactions. This paper describes the development of analytical...

Sometimes, when currency which may include coin is not ubiquitous in a society, that society turns to other items serve as money. This article examines several objects history have fulfilled the requirements of being some forms money, employed than what most people think conventional summarizes different early used time periods and geographic areas. The types possible earlier money examined thi...

We discuss the applicability of using the OBI assay paradigm for representing patient questionnaires, neuropsychological tests, and neurological exams, as well to annotate data generated from these assessments. We conclude that the specification for OBI ‘assay’ employs a broad enough notion of evaluation to allow for these uses. However, it would be preferable to introduce subclasses of OBI ‘pl...

Pink Floyd was a British band whose work began in the late 60s. Roger Waters, the main contributor of the band, wrote almost all the lyrics and was also a main figure behind producing the motion picture of the album. He deliberately attacks Western media in both the lyrics he has written for the band and his solo projects. The present study finds this tendency of assaulting the media deeply roo...