The main role and responsibility of second language writing teachers is to help learners to write with minimal errors. To do so, teachers need to provide students with appropriate types of feedback. In this research, the researchers examined the effect of post-text written corrective feedback on written grammatical accuracy of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. In the first phase, Nelson Profic...

Abstract Optical character recognition (OCR) is the conversion of printed or written text from a scanned document image file into machine-readable form to be used for data processing like editing. Handwriting has been way communication centuries, but modern technology made it easier with introduction computers. While people have adapted typing out words using keyboard, formulas and mathematical...

Writer identification recently has been studied and it has a wide variety of applications. Most studies are based on English documents with the assumption that the written text is fixed (text-dependent methods) and no research has been reported on Farsi or Arabic documents. In this paper, we have proposed a method for off-line writer identification based on Farsi handwriting, which is text-inde...

the principle theoretical basis of this article is the concept of 'city text' and the textuality standards. the article explores city as a text and takes the textuality standards into consideration for analyzing the city. text is one of the main elements that play a significant role in communication. people communicating by language do not do so simply by means of individual words or ...

The main role and responsibility of second language writing teachers is to help learners to write with minimal errors. To do so, teachers need to provide students with appropriate types of feedback. In this research, the researchers examined the effect of post-text written corrective feedback on written grammatical accuracy of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. In the first phase, Nelson Profic...

Text gathered from a variety of different sources may not be immediately readable by a computer. First, the data itself might be pictures of text taken from an archive or hand-written manuscripts that are not yet digitized. In these cases, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technologies may be required. Even if they have been digitized, texts may be stored digitally using different encodings a...

A system for writer identification based on handwritten text lines is described in this paper. The system uses Hidden Markov Model based recognizers which are designed for text line recognition. Features are extracted from a text line and used to train the recognizers. Prior to feature extraction, normalization operations are applied to a text line. On the one hand, there exists a strong correl...