Making scientific measurements can alter the subject of the measurement (Heisenberg 1927), limiting one’s ability to understand how systems operate when they are not being studied. The idea that such effects occur during ecological research is not new (e.g., Singer and Wedlake 1981, Major 1990, Duncan et al. 2002), but our recent studies have renewed awareness (Cahill et al. 2001, 2002, Hik et ...

The term synthetic biology was first introduced by the French scientist Stéphane Leduc (1912), be it with a different meaning as today’s, and (it seems) in modern times by the Polish geneticist Waclaw Szybalski (1974). Putting aside priority questions it is true that the term gained popularity in mainstream science only in the year 2004 when the first international meeting, called Synthetic Bio...

test situations evoke anxiety for many when the impact of tests on one’s life is considered, including the educational, emotional and other aspects. the purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of emotion-focused and avoidant coping strategies on the relationship between trait anxiety and test anxiety. 375 high students (193 males, 182 females) aged 15-18 were selected by random c...

the 28 verse of towbah, has been the most considerable pretext from interpreters and jurisprudents point of view to issue the prohibition sentence for polytheist entrance to the mosques and holy shrines. some jurisprudents additionally offered other reasons to implement the sentence, though it is criticized and condemned by other party. the verse however, doesn’t indicate any essential impurity...

imam mohammed bin idris al- shafe‘i has had plenty of poetical talent and an extensive literal knowledge. it seems that his literal aspect has not taken into account much compared to other aspects of his personality. whatever exists are testimony by some of the pioneers in the fields of knowledge and literature confirming his erudition in poetry and literature. after introducing the poetical an...

Several mesoporous nickel-based catalysts with MgO-Al2O3 as the catalyst support were prepared using a co-precipitation method at a constant pH. The supports were prepared from the decomposition of an Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like structure which had already been prepared with Mg/Al=1. Prior to impregnating 10 wt.% nickel on the supports, the precursor was decomposed at several ...