As computers and their networks continue to be developed, our day-to-day lives are being surrounded by increasingly more complex instruments, and we often have to ask questions about using them. At the same time, large collections of texts to answer these questions are being gathered. Therefore, there are potential answers to many of our questions that exist as texts somewhere. However, there a...

the absence of an obvious image from the quiddity of historiography text has led to difficulty and complexity in conceptualizing and theorizing within the domain of theoretical studies of history. this difficulty has been extended even in the identification of applicability of historiography text by the researchers in the domain of historiography. it seems that solving this problem is in need o...

Recent approaches based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) have shown promising results for short-text classification. However, many short texts occur in sequences (e.g., sentences in a document or utterances in a dialog), and most existing ANN-based systems do not leverage the preceding short texts when classifying a subsequent one. In this work, we present a model based on recurrent neural ...

A method for generating a machine translation (MT) dictionary from parallel texts is described. This method utilizes both statistical information and linguistic information to obtain corresponding words or phrases in parallel texts. By combining these two types of information, translation pairs which cannot be obtained by a linguistic-based method can be extntcted. Over 70% accurate translation...

The Egyptian Book of the Dead, a collection of coffin texts, has long been thought by Egyptologists to describe the journey of the soul in the afterlife, or the Am Duat. In fact, the so – called Book of the Dead describes the invisible Substratum, the “black hole” form of matter to which all matter returns, and from which all matter arises. The hieroglyphics of the Papyrus of Ani, for example, ...

The relatively new field of open educational resources (OER) is just now receiving more widespread attention and study. As such, there have been few opportunities thus far to share knowledge across program, organizational and national boundaries. This article presents a case study of the development of the South African project Free High School Science Texts (FHSST). Based on observations of pr...

In this article, I intend to concentrate on one type of process by which Scots has found new legitimation as a language, and how discourses surrounding the issue of Scots might seek to contribute to the creation of a new Scottish society. I whish to show how history is used as a legitimating discursive device by the various components of the Scots language revitalisation movement. The question ...

Nitrogen balance of a boreal Scots pine forest J. F. J. Korhonen, M. Pihlatie, J. Pumpanen, H. Aaltonen, P. Hari, J. Levula, A.-J. Kieloaho, E. Nikinmaa, T. Vesala, and H. Ilvesniemi Department of Physics, P.O. Box 48, 00 014, University of Helsinki, Finland Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, 00 014, University of Helsinki, Finland Hyytiälä Forestry Field station, Hyytiäläntie 124, 35 ...