The Iranian criminal law did not criminalize hymen restoration. But, whenever girls do this act - with its special conditions - as "marriage fraud", it causes criminal liability to realize for him as a perpetrator, and in case of unity of intention for the doctor as complicity in the offense. Also, if the "Hiding adultery" is true as the act of physician, and she has the int...

Medical treatments are divided to essential and unnecessary treatments. Treatments and cosmetic surgery in the category of unnecessary treatments and reconstructive surgery and other treatments for example heart, liver and kidney transplant surgery placed in the category of essential treatments. Compensation basis in essential treatments in Iranian law, among basics of the negligence, strict li...

  Commercial instruments, in particular meaning, or bills are one of the most important means for business parties to enter into transactions. Such instruments are considered as a certain form of property with a great variety of uses. For example, they can be used as a means to pay or to use as a guarantee or security. But a question has always been posed:” whether such instruments can be used ...

the aim of this study was to identify the problems of translating markedness structures from english to persian in order to look closely at what possible difficulties translators may face. it also seeks to probe the strategies applied accordingly by iranian translators in translating them. from three translation of blindness novel, the sentences with marked structures were elicited and also the...

  It is widely accepted that a contract of private international law is governed by the law chosen by the parties. Nevertheless, the most general rule of Iranian law, i.e. article 968 of civil code, which has been adopted more than 77 years ago, provides for application of the law of the place where the contract is made. That is why in the silence of courts’ decisions the Iranian authors are di...

it is definitely necessary to understand the concept and behavior of causation of life insurance policies and its determinants for insurance managers, regulators, and customers. for insurance managers, the profitability and liquidity of insurers can be increasingly influenced by the number of causation through costs, adverse selection, and cash surrender values. therefore, causation is a materi...

saluk mount is selected for devonian biostratigraphy. this area located at southwest of bojnurd. in this study three sections are selected and two sections, chahar-borj and tabar sections with a thickness of 650 m, which consist mainly of calcareous sediments was studied in detailed but third section, qelli section, with a thickness of about 450m which consist mainly of sandstone and evaporates...

in one pole of the continuum of language learning, theoreticians and practitioners traditionally consider english as english as a second language or english as a foreign language. however, in the other pole of this continuum where english is thought of as the most effective tool for international communication, it is referred to as a lingua franca. those who favor an approach to english growing...