1.0 overview it seems that grammar plays a crucial role in the area of second and foreign language learning and widely has been acknowledged in grammar research. in other words, teaching grammar is an issue which has attracted much attention to itself, and a lot of teachers argue about the existence of grammar in language teaching and learning. this issue will remind us a famous sentence f...

Crying is one of the main issues in the mystical literature of Iran, especially in the writings of Sana'i, the first poet who introduces mysticism into poetry. Types of burns and baits Need, prayers, happiness, sadness and mourning, directly or indirectly related to crying. Study of sorrow and joy is the concerns of seekers in the field of literature, because sometimes we encounter cries of joy...

learning-oriented assessment seeks to emphasise that a fundamental purpose of assessment should be to promote learning. it mirrors formative assessment and assessment for learning processes. it can be defined as actions undertaken by teachers and / or students, which provide feedback for the improvement of teaching and learning. it also contrasts with equally important measurement-focused appro...

جنس alternaria یکی از فراوان ترین جنس های قارچی است که در مکان های متنوعی در سراسر دنیا یافت می شود و شامل گونه های بیماری زای گیاهی و پوده زی است که باعث وارد شدن خسارت به بسیاری از گیاهان و یا موجب فساد محصولات کشاورزی پس از برداشت می گردند. میزان خسارت در گونه های بیماریزای گیاهی متغیر است. تعدادی از گونه های این جنس بیماریزای گیاهان بوده و بیماریهای مهم و اقتصادی را در تعدادی ازگیاهان ایجاد...

murder of wife during adultery: if a man sees his wifes adultery with another man, he can kill both of them. and he is not guilty in this murder. this sentence is the opinion of imami jurists and numerous comments on this issue are the main reasons for the sentence. that is the opinion of the sunni jurists too. murder of wife and the stranger man are permitted. but in contrast to these views, ...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...