In this study, the realization of pitch range of tones in the context of downstep in Chinese is analyzed. The test sentences are composed of „High + Low + High + Low‟ sequences, and it is found that, compared to utterance with 2 HL sequences, the overall pitch ranges of longer utterances are great. The pitch range of the last HL sequence is the greatest, and that of the first HL sequence is the...

Plants load sugars from photosynthesizing leaves into the phloem of exporting veins either "apoplastically" (by using H+/sucrose symporters) or "symplastically" (through plasmodesmata). The ability to regulate photosynthesis in response to the light environment was compared among apoplastic loaders (pea and spinach) and symplastic loaders (pumpkin and Verbascum phoeniceum). Plants were grown un...

Half of all adults are unable to understand basic health information and services needed well enough to make appropriate health decisions, according to the Institute of Medicine. Findings from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL), the National Center for Education Statistics’ only study of Americans’ ability to understand health-related information, painted a similarly grim pic...

BACKGROUND The association between occupational noise exposure and hypertension is inconsistent because of an exposure bias caused by outer-ear measurements of noise levels among workers. This study used hearing loss values (HLVs) measured at 4 kHz and 6 kHz in both ears as a biomarker to investigate the chronic effects of noise exposure on hypertension in 790 aircraft-manufacturing workers. ...

BACKGROUND Medical trainees infrequently use health literacy (HL) skills and overestimate their use of plain language and teach back skills. The aim of this study is to assess if level of training impacts the perception of medical trainees around HL knowledge and skills. METHODS A structured questionnaire consisting of 5 questions assessing the respondents' perception of their confidence in t...

Low activity of hepatic lipase (HL) has been associated with high levels of triglycerides and high density lipoproteins, but the association of the HL promoter variants with insulin sensitivity has not been investigated. Therefore, in this study, the relationship of the G-250A promoter variant of the HL gene to the rates of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake measured by the hyperinsulinemic eugl...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of health literacy (HL) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and utility assessment among patients with rheumatic diseases. METHODS HL was measured by the rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine (REALM) and was characterized as low or adequate. HRQoL and utility scores were assessed using the SF-36, SF-6D, and EQ-5...

introduction: hyperreactio luteinalis (hl) is a rare benign condition in pregnancy which is characterized by bilaterally multicystic ovarian enlargement containing theca lutein cysts caused by increased production of hcg. hl is mostly associated with hydatidiform mole and multiple pregnancies. correspondence: azin alavi, md. hormozgan feritiliy and infertility research center, hormozgan univers...