This research is motivated by the low understanding of students' mathematical concepts, especially on social arithmetic material. The purpose this study was to describe stages metaphorical thinking approach method and magnitude increase in conceptual data collection used classroom action (CAR) includes written tests observations each cycle. instruments were lesson plans, worksheets, question sh...

grammaticalization provides a framework to study the genesis and development of grammatical forms in language. in this framework, it is argued that new grammatical forms are constantly developed from lexical items and the already formed grammatical items may go out of use. in spite of some counterexamples, this is often seen as a unidirectional and cyclic process. in this article the concepts o...

This research is aimed to test whether presentation of metaphorical connections among senses of words is significantly effective to improve nonEnglish majors’ memory of new words. Three experiments were conducted after pilot teaching and a pretext, in which two meanings of each word (totally 30 words) were offered to the EG and CG respectively through the proposed approach and traditional appro...

We used Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to assess whether reading literal, non-literal (i.e., metaphorical, idiomatic) and fictive motion sentences modulates the activity of the motor system. Sentences were divided into three segments visually presented one at a time: the noun phrase, the verb and the final part of the sentence. Single pulse-TMS was delivered at the end of the sentence ...

The principles of atonal pitch organization are still in large part unknown. The reason why they are unknown is also unknown. The present paper addresses this methodological problem. The paper first examines roles of metaphor in the theory of tonal accentual patterns and examines the way we handle music-theoretical issues with metaphor. Metaphorical expressions are used to classify and designat...

Emergence of creative ideas often involves sudden linking of unrelated ideas. Here we demonstrate that the production of insights about novel metaphor was preceded by prolonged visual inspection of metaphorical sentences. The participants made free spoken responses in a task requiring the generation of semantic interpretations about visually presented sentences, where gaze locations were contin...

inferences as metaphorical spatial inferences Spatial inferences are characterized by the topological structure of image-schemas. We have seen cases such as CATEGORIES ARE CONTAINERS and LINEAR SCALES ARE PATHS where image-schema structure is preserved by metaphor and where abstract inferences about categories and linear scales are metaphorical versions of spatial inferences about containers an...

People speak metaphorically about abstract concepts-for instance, a person can be "full of love" or "have a lot of love to give." Over the past decade, research has begun to focus on how metaphors are processed during language comprehension. Much of this work suggests that understanding a metaphorical expression involves activating brain and body systems involved in perception and motor control...