Many P2P file sharing systems are subject to the pollution attack, whereby corrupted copies of popular titles are aggressively introduced into the system. In this paper we explore defenses to the pollution attack. Specifically, we develop efficient mechanisms to determine (i) the IP ranges responsible for introducing polluted content (that is, the blacklist set); and (ii) the pollution levels o...

In Brazil, increasing air pollution in urban areas has led to a rise in respiratory diseases among children and the elderly and has also been the main cause of hospital admissions. This study aims to evaluate the air pollution levels in Vitória, capital of Espírito Santo State, Brazil, in comparison to Brazilian legislation and recent World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, analyzing the sp...

The global demand for fossil energy is triggering oil exploration and production projects in remote areas of the world. During the last few decades hydrocarbon production has caused pollution in the Amazon forest inflicting considerable environmental impact. Until now it is not clear how hydrocarbon pollution affects the health of the tropical forest flora. During a field campaign in polluted a...

Exposures to environmental pollution remain a major source of health risk throughout the world, though risks are generally higher in developing countries, where poverty, lack of investment in modern technology and weak environmental legislation combine to cause high pollution levels. Associations between environmental pollution and health outcome are, however, complex and often poorly character...

Air pollution is a complex mixture of gases (e.g., ozone), particulate matter, and organic compounds present in outdoor and indoor air. Dogs exposed to severe air pollution exhibit chronic inflammation and acceleration of Alzheimer's-like pathology, suggesting that the brain is adversely affected by pollutants. We investigated whether residency in cities with high levels of air pollution is ass...

Monitoring atmospheric pollution in urban areas frequently involves mapping techniques that assist the researcher and/or the decision-maker to describe and quantify the pollution at locations where no measurements are available. The preparation of these pollution maps is a complex task, which is only feasible if a spatial correlation of the variable of interest is identified. Furthermore, the s...

oil contamination is one of the most common and usual kinds of pollution in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. one of the economical and effective methods for decreasing or eliminating oil contamination is using plants and microorganisms. soils contain a wide variety of oil decomposing microorganisms, of which pseudomonad, rhodocoous and nocardia are the most important. to evaluate the effect ...

There is need for the assessment of long-term effects of outdoor air pollution. In fact, a considerable part of the large amount of U.S. research money that has been dedicated to investigate effects of ambient particulate pollution should be invested to address long-term effects. Studies that follow the health status of large numbers of subjects across long periods of time (i.e., cohort studies...