We consider the efficiency of queries generated by XML to SQL translation. We first show that published XML-to-SQL query translation algorithms are suboptimal in that they often translate simple path expressions into complex SQL queries even when much simpler equivalent SQL queries exist. There are two logical ways to deal with this problem. One could generate suboptimal SQL queries using a fai...

Machine translation aims to generate a target sentence that is semantically equivalent to the source sentence. However, most of current statistical machine translation models do not model the semantics of sentences. In this paper, we propose a novel translation framework based on predicate-argument structure (PAS) for its capacity on grasping the semantics and skeleton structure of sentences. B...

Quantum fields with arbitrary spin for massive particles are derived using spacetime symmetry. We note that assigning equivalent eigenstates at separate events in spacetime determines a representation of translation. For the most general translation representations, translation changes momentum. Force is implicit when momentum differs for equivalent eigenstates at separate events. Next, since i...

We present a technique to study relations between weak and strong-normalisations in various typed-calculi. We rst introduce a translation which translates a-term into a I-term, and show that a-term is strongly-normalisable if and only if its translation is weakly-normalisable. We then prove that the translation preserves typability of-terms in various typed-calculi. This enables us to establish...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the translation errors harf jar which form idioms from Arabic Indonesian. Idioms are combinations words that produce a new meaning different component it. Methodology: method used in research descriptive qualitative. was conducted on students who studying translation, and accustomed using literal or grammatical techniques. Findings: Problems occu...

This study investigates unitary equivalent classes of one-dimensional quantum walks. We prove that one-dimensional quantum walks are unitary equivalent to quantum walks of Ambainis type and that translation-invariant one-dimensional quantum walks are Szegedy walks. We also present a necessary and sufficient condition for a onedimensional quantum walk to be a Szegedy walk.