The semi-parasitic European yellow mistletoe (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.) is one of the harmful and damaging factors to the Zagros forests. This study to analyze the causes of infected trees by European yellow mistletoe was conducted in the Ghalajeh forests in Kermanshah province. To carry out this study, completely infected trees were examined by using the tree-to-tree sampling method. Required...

  The European ::::union:::: council in 23 January of 2012 ,in direction to aggravate economic sanctions against Islamic Republic of Iran ,decided to enact further economic restrictions against this country in energy section such as importing oil from Iran to the state members of European ::::union:::: ,in financial section against central bank of Iran, in transportation section and also agains...

The history of new and scientific archaeological researches in Iran mainly dates back to the Qajar period. Although the history of European Oriental studies in Iran has exceeded the Qajar era, however, until the aforementioned period, scientific archeology in Iran did not have much meaning and European officials and Orientalists studies in Iran mainly focused on the identification of Iranian an...

Oriental Camera written by Ali Behdad, is an attempt to transcend the structuralist approach to Orientalism, which often interprets local and regional photographs in an ideological pathway and as second-rate editions in the reproduction of the European view, while the author tries to go beyond this reading and interpret the works of local and regional photographers unlike those taken by Europea...

Climate change, congestion, safety, energy consumption and pollution are among the major issues that the European :::union::: and the wider world are facing nowadays. The European Commission is working towards the creation of a Single European Railway Area, encouraging a modal shift towards rail (mainly from road) in order to achieve a more competitive and sustainable European transport syst...