introruction khawf in(iran)-herat and mazaresharif and shirkhan bandar in (afghanistan)-dushanbe in (tajikistan)_(kirgizstan)-kashghar in(china) project railway network is under construction that it is as a significant corridor for revitalizing silk road corridor in the region .at the present there are three different gauge in the region central asia with 1,520 mm gauge and turkey-islamic repu...

After World War II, the need for skilled labors in the economic market and democratic demands provided the setting for higher education expansion in all over the world and this has become a universal phenomenon.  In addition, higher education in Iran that initiated with the justice-seeking goals has experienced significant expansion in the last two decades. Nowadays expansion of higher educatio...

in the past couple of decades sociocultural theory of sla and its implications in efl contexts have attracted attentions of research circles worldwide and aroused some controversies. firth and wagner (1997) have questioned the principles of the cognitive view which gives importance to mental constructs in favor of sociocultural view which highlights social and contextual constructs. but if soci...

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Economists have reached a consensus that an independent central bank could improve its policy efficiency by following a monetary policy rule. One of the important rules is McCallum rule where that requires central banks to target the growth rate of nominal GDP using the monetary base as its instrument. One of the features of the McCallum rule uses the monetary base rather than the interest rate...