1Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran (Correspondence to F. Shidfar: [email protected]). 2Department of Nutrition, School of Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 3Memorial Hospital, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America. Received: 24/09/03; accep...

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between urbanization and risk factors of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) according to the World Health Organization stepwise approach to surveillance of NCDs. This study is part of a NCD risk factor surveillance of 10 069 individuals in all provinces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, aged over 20 years, during 2011. By utilizing 2011 census da...

Context: The millennium development goals (MDG) are global committed efforts to provide anti-poverty and disparity document. During the past 15 years and based on MDGs, nearly all countries have made efforts to achieve its related goals. Therefore, the current narrative review aimed to analyze the MDGs’ challenge and achievements with the focus on Islamic Republic of Iran. Evidence Acquisition:...

contrary to president obama’s stated position in november 2009, it is presumed here that the islamic republic intentionally procrastinates normalization of its foreign policy towards the u.s. this intentional delay is due to mutual mistrust existing between the two states. nonetheless, the islamic republic is determined to avoid further confrontation with the u.s. in this respect, the islamic r...

Along the history, relations between Iran and Russia always faced with great changes and transitions and always, the foundation of these relations have been on the base of political, security and military and sometimes economical affairs. Iran and its people have special identity elements like: Persian language, Shiite Islamism, nationalism, regional hegemonies, anti-foreignism and etc, that so...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic zoonosis, which is prevalent all over the world. The manifestation of the disease is either self-limiting acute diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals, or potentially fatal chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. METHODS In this study, which was conducted in Tehran, 214 patients from ten health centers were investigated. Stool s...

this article strive to examine and explaine national sources of the foreign policy of the islamic republic of iran. cultural, historical, geographic, ideological, social, and economic variables, as societal sources, will lead to the continuation of some behaviours in iran’s foreign policy. the author argues that to better understand iran’s foreign policy, one must pay attention to the above var...