To increase profitability, farmers often decide to form strategic partnerships with other farmers, pooling their resources and outputs for greater efficiency and scale. These coordination decisions can have far-reaching and complex implications for overall food supply chain structural emergence, which in turn impacts system outcomes and long-term sustainability. In this paper, we describe an ag...

Substantial literature has been devoted to supply chain coordination. The majority of this literature ignores competition between supply chains. Moreover, a significant part of this literature focuses on coordination that induce the supply chain members to follow strategies that produce the equilibria chosen by a vertically integrated supply chain. This paper investigates the equilibrium behavi...

This paper establishes a new price-sensitive demand model which considers stochastic disturbance similar to ARMA(1,1) model. We examine the impact of two forecasting methods on the bullwhip effect in a two-stage supply chain with two retailers. It is assumed that two retailers face the same demand model and an order-up-to inventory policy is employed. The lead-time demand is forecasted respecti...

In the supply chain management, the supplier can reduce its total cost by providing price discounts to restrict the retailers’ replenishment intervals to multiples of a common replenishment interval. In order to accomplish this purpose, supplier often determined a price discount that all the retailers can accept. After the cost of the supplier was further considered, a better price discount was...

In this paper, we explore the issue of coordination in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain where the manufacturer is socially responsible and invests in CSR activities. On the other hand, the retailer invests in promotional efforts and uses a periodic review order-up-to policy for replenishing items. First, the decentralized decision-making structure is modeled to calculate the minimum accepta...

Coordinating activities among members of a distribution channel has been a subject of great attention in the past two decades. Among various methods to coordinate independent channel members, a number of studies in the literature suggest quantity discount as a mechanism to achieve incentive-compatible coordination between a manufacturer and his retailer. The rationale behind this coordination m...

This study proposes a novel option-revenue sharing coordination contract framework. In the proposed model, the retailer determines the number of order sales effort. The manufacturer sets the price of products for the wholesale strategy. The investigated supply chain problem analyzes the results of different strategies. In the proposed coordination contract problem, two types of games including ...

In order to investigate supply chain coordination and decision under customer balking stochastic demand, the article considers a two-echelon consisting of one manufacturer with risk-neutral retailer develops two models in centralized decentralized system three contracts are designed coordinate optimal price strategies obtained. The results show that revenue cost-sharing contract can price-depen...