due to the nature of the sediment data, selection of appropriate methods for processing the data before entering them to the artificial intelligence models can enhance the reliability of simulations results. in this study, the effects of sediment data processing procedures on ann and anfis models outputs in 7 dez basin stations were evaluated. accordingly, three scenarios were considered: in th...

The radiometric normalization of multi-temporal satellite optical images of the same terrain is necessary for land cover change detection e.g. relative differences. In previous studies, ground reference data or pseudo invariant features (PIFs) were used in the radiometric rectification of multi-temporal images. Ground reference data are costly and difficult to acquire for most satellite remotel...

In the process of three-dimensional reconstruction of single particle biological macromolecules several hundreds, or thousands, of projection images are taken from tens or hundreds of independently digitized micrographs. These different micrographs show differences in the background grey level and particle contrast and, therefore, have to be normalized by scaling their pixel values before enter...

Two-color DNA microarrays are commonly used for the analysis of global gene expression. They provide information on relative abundance of thousands of mRNAs. However, the generated data need to be normalized to minimize systematic variations so that biologically significant differences can be more easily identified. A large number of normalization procedures have been proposed and many software...

OBJECTIVE Long-lasting hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients induces permanent alterations of endothelial function by increased oxidative stress, even when glycemia is normalized. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, 36 type 1 diabetic patients and 12 control subjects were enrolled. The diabetic patients were divided into three groups. The first group was treated for 24 h with insul...