the aim of this study was to investigate the problems of private sport clubs in shahr-e-kord city. this study used a descriptive method and it was conducted as a survey. the statistical population and sample were all managers and owners of private sport clubs of shahr-e-kord city (n=91). a questionnaire (21 items) which evaluated the problems of these sport clubs from different perspectives was...

Combining the perspectives of upper echelon theory and institutional theory, we investigate how top managers’ sport experience exploits corporate environmental proactivity in China embed this question into state ownership. With sample Chinese listing enterprises from 2008 to 2018, find that both ownership positively promote proactivity, while crowds out promotion experience. Further analyses sh...

the study of those factors facilitating sustainable entrepreneurship in sport according to cultural and ethnic values is important. the aim of this study was to develop sustainable entrepreneurship model based on strauss and corbin’s (1989) systematic model. research method was analytical so qualitative methodology was used. research strategy was grounded theory (gt). participants included 24 s...

Fishery managers often are faced with difficult decisions on how to satisfy the socioeconomic need of the public while maintaining or restoring properly functioning aquatic systems. Such decisions are fraught with the complexity and uncertainty associated with ecological systems, multiple management objectives, and the alternatives under consideration (Varis and Kuikka 1999). To aid the decisio...

Social media are ubiquitous in modern society. Among their uses are to provide real-time information during crisis. One might expect that emergency management agencies in the U.S. make use of social media extensively to disseminate and collect crisis information as that is where the information flows most freely and quickly; yet, these agencies are not fully exploiting the capabilities of socia...

1 . INTRODUCTION Companies invest millions of dollars every year in various fonns of marketing communications to influence customers and prospects to buy products and services. For example. General Motors spent over $2.8 billion last year to promote its lines of automobiles. Brand managers, senior management, and shareholders therefore have an interest in knowing whether or not their media adve...