Objectives: The role of intra-articular meniscoids in spinal pathology is unclear, and their anatomy not well understood. Spinal meniscoids have been identified in research using dissection and imaging. No previous studies have identified these structures using E12 sheet plastination; such methods of visualising meniscoids are likely of value in research and education. Our aim was to examine th...

Early postmitotic cortical neurons are mostly corticofugal projection neurons that take up positions in deep cortical laminae. Later postmitotic neurons are preferentially localized to superficial cortical laminae. In reeler mutant mice it appears that cortical laminar positions with respect to birthdate are reversed (Caviness, 1982). In a reanalysis of reeler lamination we found that early pos...

The ubiquitously expressed basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors E12 and E47, products of alternative splicing of the E2A/TCF3 gene, regulate diverse biological processes including cell growth, differentiation and development. To search for novel protein interactions for E12, we utilized the bHLH domain of E12 as a bait in yeast two-hybrid screening. Yeast two-hybrid, mammalian tw...

The hypothalamus plays a critical role in the regulation of energy balance. Neuroanatomical and mouse genetic data have defined a core circuitry in the hypothalamus that mediates many of the effects of leptin on feeding and energy balance regulation. The present study used 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (a marker of dividing cells) and a neuronal marker to systematically examine neurogenesis in the mo...

The transcription factors encoded by the E2A and early B cell factor ( EBF ) genes are required for the proper development of B lymphocytes. However, the absence of B lineage cells in E2A and EBF -deficient mice has made it difficult to determine the function or relationship between these proteins. We report the identification of a novel model system in which the role of E2A and EBF in the regu...

Inhibitor of DNA binding protein 3 (ID3) has long been characterized as an oncogene that implicates its functional role through its Helix-Loop-Helix (HLH) domain upon protein-protein interaction. An insight into the dimerization brought by this domain helps in identifying the key residues that favor the mechanism behind it. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for the HLH proteins...