The liability assigned to K-12 school districts and colleges and universities for the safety of studentathletes were compared. The various elements of torts as well as common defenses used in sport-related litigation were synthesized. An examination of sportrelated litigation over the past 20 years showed that, contrary to other areas of education-related negligence, universities are held liabl...

patellofemoral pain syndrome (pfps) is the most common overuse syndrome in athletes. it is one of the causes of anterior knee pain in athletic population who come to the sports medicine clinic. patellofemoral pain is more common among female athletes especially adolescents and young adults. symptoms include: persistent pain behind the patella or peripatella. pain increases on ascending and desc...

The importance of psychological factors in successful sports performance has been acknowledged both academically and anecdotally. Yet the amount of time that coaches and athletes actually spend on mental practice as compared to physical practice belies its significance. A key component in developing a foundation for psychological intervention programs is to understand the psychological status o...

attribution theory is one of the psychological dynamic theories that explainsand describes people's perception of facts. therefore, the aim of this research wasto study success and failure attributions in athletes and coaches. the population ofthis study consisted of athletes and coaches of national teams (elite) and clubteams (sub–elite) in swimming, badminton, karate, taekwondo, table te...

In major marathon races such as the 'World Marathon Majors', female and male East African runners particularly from Ethiopia and Kenya are the fastest. However, whether this trend appears for female and male Ethiopians and Kenyans at recreational level runners (i.e. races at national level) and in shorter road races (e.g. in half-marathon races) has not been studied yet. Thus, the aim of the pr...

Nutrition is an integral component to any athletes training and performance program. In adults the balance between energy intake and energy demands is crucial in training, recovery, and performance. In young athletes the demands for training and performance remain but should be a secondary focus behind the demands associated with maintaining the proper growth and maturation. Research interventi...

purpose many factors influence athletes’ performance including anthropometric, physiological and environmental parameters. high altitude is characterized by adverse environmental conditions that are not found at sea level. we investigated the influence of some anthropometric and physiological factors on performance in the context of the mount cameroon race of hope. methods age, height, weight, ...

Doping with endocrine drugs is quite prevalent in amateur and professional athletes. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has a list of banned drugs for athletes who compete and a strategy to detect such drugs. Some are relatively easy, anabolic steroids and erythropoietin, and others more difficult, human growth hormone (rhGH) and insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I). The use of such compounds ...