چکیده در این سلسله مقالات بر آ ن هستیم تا تحولات انجام شده در اجتهادات شیعی در بخش مباحث حقوقی طی قرن معاصر را گزارش نماییم. جریان مذکور را از ملامحمد کاظم خراسانی آغاز کردیم و در شمار ههای قبل به نوآور یهای سید محمد کاظم طباطبایی یزدی پرداختیم و مبحث وکالت را از نظر گذراندیم. آنچه در این مقاله از نظر میگذرد، صرفاً مواردی است که در مبحث ضمان عقدی، توسط سید طباطبایی برخلاف مشهو ر فقیهان به عنوان ...

now-a-days graphic design plays a major role in influencing culture, society, business, and customers, in such a way that one could look upon every individual as a potential customer. graphic designers seek to identify customers needs and find an intelligent solution for them. correct identification and understanding of those needs is the first step towards achieving ones goals. marketing knowh...

‏‎the main purpose of this research was to:1.develop a coking model for thermal cracking of naphtha.2.study coke inhibition methods using different coke inhibitors.developing a coking model in naphtha cracking reactors requires a suitable model of the thermal cracking reactor based on a reliable kinetic model.to obtain reliable results all these models shall be solved simultaneously.for this pu...

abstract present research considered to examine and compare shahrray 14 years girls and boys narrative concerning with their responsibilities in this research, statistical society are 14 years girls and boys of shahrry . for performing this research. first, 14 years of 50 boys and 50 girls were selected in accidental method and have filled memati hormaled adolescents responsibility questioner...

abstract u.s. attack to afghanistan after 9/11 provided opportunities for us who tried to become the dominant power after collapse of ussr and bipolar world. thinkers like fukuyama believed american liberal democrats thought would be universally accepted without resistances. liberal democracy is the best and final model of governance; in this regard, united state has moral responsibilities for...

any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...

simplification universal as a universal feature of translation means translated texts tend to use simpler language than original texts in the same language and it can be critically investigated through common concepts: type/token ratio, lexical density, and mean sentence length. although steps have been taken to test this hypothesis in various text types in different linguistic communities, in ...

abstract nowadays, industries cannot play a crucial role in national and international competitions. the tourism industry is no exception. tourism industry development as the most important economic sector and income generation is one of the key challenges of economic development in the world. therefore, countries were successful that take advantage of the capabilities of tourism sector using ...