Health extension programs represent an opportunity for practice-based research networks (PBRNs) and primary care practices to develop collaborations reaching beyond the clinic walls to address the upstream social determinants of health and engage in community-based research. The Health Extension Regional Officers (HEROs) program at the University of New Mexico described in this issue of the JAB...

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematical movements and electromyographic activities of the trunk and hip during trunk flexion and extension at different velocities. Thirteen male subjects performed trunk flexion and extension movements for 5 times at three different velocities of 1 s, 3 s, and 5 s in the standing position. Sagittal angular displacements of the lumbar spine, pelv...

Aging alters muscular coordination patterns. This study aimed to investigate aging-related changes in the coordination of agonist and antagonist muscles from two aspects, the activities of individual muscles and the inter-muscular coupling. Eighteen young subjects and 10 elderly subjects were recruited to modulate the agonist muscle activity to track a target during voluntary isometric elbow fl...

Patellar maltracking is thought to be one source of patellofemoral pain. Measurements of patellar tracking are frequently obtained during non-weight-bearing knee extension; however, pain typically arises during highly loaded activities, such as squatting, stair climbing, and running. It is unclear whether patellofemoral joint kinematics during lightly loaded tasks replicate patellofemoral joint...

Background Over the last decade, Ethiopia has made impressive national improvements in health outcomes, including reductions in maternal, neonatal, infant, and child mortality attributed in large part to their Health Extension Program (HEP). As this program continues to evolve and improve, understanding the unit cost of health extension worker (HEW) services is fundamental to planning for futur...

QUESTION Do the self-reported aggravating activities of people with chronic non-specific low back pain move the spine in a consistent direction? DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. PARTICIPANTS 240 people with chronic non-specific low back pain. OUTCOME MEASURE The self-reported aggravating activities from the Patient Specific Functional Scale were classified as flexion, extension...

We present an extension of a Petri net semantics for the Web Service Business Execution Language (WS-BPEL). This extension covers the novel activities and constructs introduced by the recent WS-BPEL 2.0 specification. Furthermore, we simplify several aspects of the Petri net semantics to allow for more compact models suited for computer-aided verification. This technical report is the extended ...