phatic communion is a cultural concept which differs across cultures. according to hofstede (2001), the u.s. tends to have individualistic culture; however, asian countries tend to have collectivistic cultures. these cultures view phatic communion differently. in individualistic cultures like u.s., phatic communion reflects speakers’ socio-cultural relationships in conversations. to see whether...

Individual identity is self-explanatory by emphasizing its difference from others. In this study, we examine the impact of nationalism on the degree of individual differentiation by communicating comm::::union:::: and social identity. The research method of correlation method is structural equation modeling. The statistical population includes all citizens over 15 years of age in the provinces ...

Social security as a social and historical phenomenon, is being considered as the result of economic and social development process especially in developing industrial societies proposed as the individual security requirements against the social risks but its legal norms in the human right framework needs international community attention on the basis of issuing international documents, rules a...

for several years, researchers in familiarity of efl teachers with post-method and its role in second and foreign language learners’ productions have pointed out that the opportunity to plan for a task generally develops language learners’ development (ellis, 2005). it is important to mention that the critical varies in language teaching was shown is the disappearances of the concept of method ...

Abstract Introduction: Infertility has many negative individual and social consequences and infertile women are exposed to mental health problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of individual and family resilience in the relationship between perceived social support and general health in infertile women. Methods: The present study was a correlational study. The sta...

Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the outlet creativity training program on the individual-social adjustment of high school students. Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The statistical population of the study included all female students of the first secondary school of Shabesta...