hisba is a regulatory regime in islamic law which could be a base for islamic economic regulation but has been neglected for centuries. the protection of integrity of the market and competition is a prominent economic and legal objective in modern economies. however, the focus in the islamic law has been on the bipolar relations among the individuals in the form of law of contract or law of tor...

The need for online consumer protection laws has accompanied the growth of e-commerce in global market. These aim to provide a safe and secure environment transactions. impact on market is significant. have increased confidence transactions, resulting sales businesses. Secondly, they created level playing field businesses, regardless size, by setting minimum standards However, implementing thes...

In order for organizations to survive on increasingly competitive and global markets, adequate management of intellectual capital is essential. Although increasingly more information is found in electronic formats, turning this information into valuable knowledge is still the responsibility of people by applying it in professional situations to generate value. In this paper, we describe an appr...

Background Health apps are a booming, yet under-regulated market, with potential consumer harms in privacy and health safety. Regulation of the health app market tends to be siloed, with no single sector holding comprehensive oversight. We sought to explore this phenomenon by critically analysing how the problem of health app regulation is being presented and addressed in the policy arena...

Some eighty years ago, economists first proposed the use of corrective taxes to internalize environmental and other externalities. Fifty years later, the portfolio of potential economic-incentive instruments was expanded to include quantity-based mechanisms — tradeable permits. Thus, economicincentive approaches to environmental protection are clearly not a new policy idea, and over the past tw...