results two bacterial types, st208, and st218, were identified in all 140 samples. the st208 mainly came from icu and department of respiratory medicine, while st218 from department of plastic surgery; 70.21% of st208 and 84.78% of st218 were carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii (crab) and carbapenem-susceptible acinetobacter baumannii (csab), respectively. multidrug-resistance genes in...

Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (asexual stage: Septoria tritici), is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat. In this research, quantitative expression analysis of five candidate genes for the induction of resistance to STB (PR-1, Bsi, Msr, Per, and Ppi) was conducted in the wheat cultivars ‘Seri 82’ (susceptible) and ‘Fronta...

background: the virulence of a pathogenic vibrio cholerae is dependent on a discrete set of genetic determinants. in this study, we determined the distribution of virulence determinants among the clinical and environmental isolates of v. cholerae. methods: the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were determined using standard disk diffusion assay. pcr assay was performed to analyze t...

background staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen that can colonize the nares of different animals, causing a wide range of infections in various hosts. objectives we intended to determine the prevalence of s. aureus in the nasal cavity of healthy ruminants and also to investigate the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. materials and methods in the present study, healthy cattle (n...

conclusions this study represented an increasing rate of mdr p. aeruginosa in burn and wound samples. efflux mexab genes were detected in all mdr and pdr strains. the p. aeruginosa strain isolated from burn cases showed higher drug resistance and pdr resistance was only noted in a burn sample. materials and methods one-hundred and fifty p. aeruginosa were isolated from burn and wound infections...