Nowadays democracy is essential for governance and citizens want to play increasing roles in policy making. But maximum political participation is not the only factor for the realization of real democracy and other preconditions such as political trust, political knowledge, acceptance of political democratic norms and political networks need. All of these concepts present political capital, whi...

seismic retrofit strategies have been developed in the past few decades following the introduction of new seismic provisions and the availability of advanced materials and methods. it can be observed that new approaches to deal with more lateral forces are more innovative and more energy absorbent. in line with this, there is a growing trend toward the use of steel shear walls as a system with ...

the importance of writing as a complex skill in applied linguistics has drawn the attention of many researchers to evaluate textbooks in order to help learners gain self-sufficiency and autonomy in the field of language use and communication. investigations have shown that developments in textbooks evaluation can promote the quality of pedagogies and consequently the learning. this study attemp...

Growth and development of knowledge-based economy is the desired objective for many economies and accomplishing this purpose requires the accurate and comprehensive understanding of the variables involved in this process. The knowledge generated by innovation and technological developments has driven long-term economic development in many countries and many governments have achieved considerabl...

This paper describes an evaluation through a case study by measuring a rule-based approach, which proposed for ladder logic diagrams and Petri nets. In the beginning, programmable logic controllers were widely designed by ladder logic diagrams. When complexity and functionality of manufacturing systems increases, developing their software is becoming more difficult. Thus, Petri nets as a high l...

a phase-locked loop (pll) based frequency synthesizer is an important circuit that is used in many applications, especially in communication systems such as ethernet receivers, disk drive read/write channels, digital mobile receivers, high-speed memory interfaces, system clock recovery and wireless communication system. other than requiring good signal purity such as low phase noise and low spu...