traditional and modern vocabulary instruction techniques have been introduced in the past few decades to improve the learners’ performance in reading comprehension. semantic mapping, which entails drawing learners’ attention to the interrelationships among lexical items through graphic organizers, is claimed to enhance vocabulary learning significantly. however, whether this technique suits all...

Memory is composed of several different abilities that are supported by different brain systems. The distinction between declarative (conscious) and nondeclarative (non-conscious) memory has proved useful in understanding the nature of eyeblink classical conditioning - the best understood example of classical conditioning in vertebrates. In delay conditioning, the standard procedure, conditioni...

Studies of differential eyeblink conditioning (CS+ and CS-) have demonstrated that successful conditioning requires awareness of the stimulus contingencies and that delay conditioning does not. Two experiments were carried out to determine whether awareness is also important for single-cue trace eyeblink conditioning. In experiment 1, participants who performed a secondary, attention-demanding ...

The role of conscious cognitive processes in human affective conditioning remains controversial, with several theories arguing that such conditioning can occur without awareness of the conditioned stimulus (CS)-unconditioned stimulus (UCS) contingency. One specific type of affective conditioning in which unaware conditioning is said to occur is "evaluative conditioning." The present experiment ...

abstract the word science has gone through semantic change in different historical periods and in relation to the cultural and social circumstances of the time and thus has been used in various senses. a semantic study of word in the pre- and post-islamic eras will reveal that the word has been used in different and even opposite senses. this means that, in the age of ignorance (pre-islamic era...

the ability to discover services in mobile ad hoc network (manet) is a major prerequisite. cluster basedcross layer intelligent service discovery for manet (cbisd) is cluster based architecture, caching ofsemantic details of services and intelligent forwarding using network layer mechanisms. the cluster basedarchitecture using semantic knowledge provides scalability and accuracy. also, the mini...

this study has examined the effect of semantic mapping on learning vocabulary across genders. the researchers selected 120 intermediate students after the administration of a standard proficiency test. a vocabulary test was also used to measure the students’ vocabulary knowledge. the experimental group received semantic mapping in the pre-reading stage, butthe control group did not receive this...

Objectives: The brain’s widespread neural functions lead to aphasia in which the patients experience difficulties in cognitive and language functions. Memory, type, and severity of aphasia are associated with language and the naming process. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between memory, type, and severity of aphasia using the confrontation naming test in post-stroke pat...