while performance-based language assessment has led to an increased authenticity and content validity in the practice of writing assessment, the reliability of ratings has become a major issue. research findings have shown different reactions by native english speaker (nes) and non-native english speaker (nns) teachers to students’ writings. the focus of this study is on investigating whether i...

in the area of vocabulary teaching and learning although much research has been done, only some of it has led to effective techniques of vocabulary teaching and many language learners still have problem learning vocabulary. the urge behind this study was to investigate three methods of teaching words. the first one was teaching words in context based on a traditional method of teaching that is,...

the current study examined iranian undergraduate efl students’ willingness to communicate with regard to their vocabulary knowledge. in general, participants were somewhat willing to communicate in english. the total mean score of 730 university students’ perception of willing to communicate was 83.53 out of 135. results, regarding four parts of willingness to communicate, revealed that part...

بر اساس لوینسون (2010) پیوستگی یکی از مهم ترین مفاهیم تحلیل گفتمان است، که روابط معنایی موجود در متن را نشان می دهد. لوینسون (همان) انواع ابزارهای پیوستگی را طبق طبقه بندی دولی و لوینسون (2001) معرفی کرده است. براساس این طبقه بندی ابزارهای پیوستگی به شش دسته تقسیم می شوند: عبارت های توصیفی (descriptive expressions)، همانندی (identity)، روابط واژگانی (lexical relations)، الگوهای صرفی- نحوی (morp...