this research presents and solves a new mathematical model for school bus routing problem (sbrp). sbrp is a specific case of vehicle routing problem (vrp). despite prevalent models, this model includes location and routing simultaneously. besides, the vehicles are non-homogenous. in addition, instead of locating schools which are the depots, we consider locating bus stops that are mentioned &ap...

Reliable location routing problem considers a location problem and a vehicle routing problem in order to select the optimal location of facilities and at the same time the optimal routes for vehicles considering the unexpected failure for facilities in which, all facilities may fail with a probability. In this paper, a bi-objective mathematical model has been developed to minimize the total cos...

Transportation planning has been established as a key topic in the literature and practices of social production, especially urban contexts. To consider traffic environment factors, more researchers are taking time-varying factors into account when scheduling their logistic activities. The time-dependent vehicle routing problem (TDVRP) is an extension classical Vehicle Routing Problem with Time...

Due to the diversity and different distribution conditions of agricultural products, split delivery plays an important role in last mile products distribution. The time-dependent green vehicle routing problem with multiple time windows (TDSDGVRPMTW) is studied by considering both economic cost customer satisfaction. A calculation method for road travel across periods was designed. satisfaction ...

In a green time-dependent vehicle routing optimisation problem, if the travel time is not well estimated, values of objective function (emissions) for different solutions will be obtained with less accuracy, which leads to wrong decision making. The purpose this paper propose an accurate travel-time estimation model. model was developed by considering multiple traffic modes through continuous a...

Most solution methods for the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) develop routes from the earliest feasible departure time. However, in practice, temporal traffic congestions make that such solutions are not optimal with respect to minimizing the total duty time. Furthermore, VRPTW solutions do not account for complex driving hours regulations, which severely restrict the daily tr...

the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery (vrpspd) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem which addresses provided service to a set of customers using a homogeneous fleet of capacitated vehicles. the objective is to minimize the distance traveled. the vrpspd is an np-hard combinatorial optimization problem. therefore, practical large-scale instances of vrpspd...

Vehicle routing problem (VRP) is real-world combinatorial optimization problem which determine the optimal route of a vehicle. Generally, to provide the efficient vehicle serving to the customer through different services by visiting the number of cities or stops, the VRP follows the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), in which each of vehicle visiting a set of cities such that every city is vis...