BACKGROUND The availability of freshwater for irrigation in the Indian agricultural sector is expected to decline over the coming decades. This might have implications for food production in India, with subsequent effects on diets and health. We identify realistic and healthy dietary changes that could enhance the resilience of the Indian food system to future decreases in water availability. ...

In this White Paper, submitted to ESA in response the Voyage 2050 Call, we advocate for establishing key scientific priorities future of Mercury exploration, including development specific science goals a landed mission. We support community fostering closer collaboration with ongoing and planned exoplanet investigations. The continued exploration should be conceived as multi-mission, multi-gen...

Public health and long-term care spending is set to rise... Public spending on health and long-term care is likely to put considerable pressure on government budgets in the future. Such spending has already risen over the past three decades, accelerating since the turn of the century to reach almost 7% of GDP for OECD countries on average in 2005.1 OECD projections suggest that in the absence o...

Meeting a greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction target of 80% below 1990 levels in the year 2050 requires detailed long-term planning due to complexity, inertia, and path dependency in the energy system. A detailed investigation of supply and demand alternatives is conducted to assess requirements for future California energy systems that can meet the 2050 GHG target. Two components are developed here...

There is strong evidence of an association between fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in aerodynamic diameter and adverse health outcomes. This study analyzes the global excess mortality attributable to the aviation sector in the present (2006) and in the future (three 2050 scenarios) using the integrated exposure response model that was also used in the 2010 Global Burden of Dise...

The consumption and emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are projected to increase substantially in the coming decades in response to regulation of ozone depleting gases under the Montreal Protocol. The projected increases result primarily from sustained growth in demand for refrigeration, air-conditioning (AC) and insulating foam products in developing countries assuming no new regulation of...