iv abstract this study examined the linguistic behaviors of two iranian efl teachers each of them teaching learners of two similar proficiency levels, a beginner level and an intermediate level, to investigate the relationship between the learners proficiency levels and the amounts and purposes for l1 use by the two teachers. the study was carried out to investigate whether there were differe...

with the increasing population and the need for more food, as well as with the development of science and technology, human approach to unnatural and often chemical inputs to increase agricultural production has been a great expansion and problems such as increased cancers, chronic diseases has created environmental pollution. implementation of organic organic is a solution to these problems . ...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a powerful tool for measuring relative efficiency of organizational units referred to as decision making units (dmus). in most cases dmus have network structures with internal linking activities. traditional dea models, however, consider dmus as black boxes with no regard to their linking activities and therefore do not provide decision makers with the reasons...

the present paper deals with criminal issues. for example, legal injunction on the necessity of returning a deposit has a legal nature and legal injunction on the punishment of those who breach the trust has a criminal nature. existing social issues are the basis of classification of some instances into the issue, some of which are based on variation and others on quality. therefore, the motiva...

در سال های اخیر، مطالعات گسترده ای در طراحی یونوفورهای گزینش پذیر به عنوان عنصر حسگر برای الکترودهای یون گزین انجام گرفته است. علی رغم پیشرفت بسیار در سنتز یونوفورهای گزینش پذیر برای یون های فلزی مختلف، گزارش های بسیار محدودی در طراحی یونوفور گزینش پذیر برای آرسنیک وجود دارد. به علت همین محدودیت، در پی طراحی اولین الکترود غشایی یون گزین بر پایه ی pvc برای یون های (as(??? بر آمدیم. این الکترود غ...

چکیده: از برهم کنش لیگاندهای [k2p2w18(uo2)2o68]12- و [kas2w18(uo2)2o68]13- با یون های فلــــــزی (pb2+, cd2+, cr3+, fe3+) در دمای اتاق و در نسبت مولی 1:1، دو دسته کمپلکس حاصل می شود. دسته اول کمپلکــس هایی با فرمول [x2w18(uo2)2(m(h2o))o68]10- (x = p, as) (m = cd2+ , pb2+) می باشند که محصول واکنش لیگاندها با یون های فلزات دوظرفیتی بزرگ pb2+ و cd2+ هستند، و دسته دوم ترکیباتــــی با فرمول (m ...

for several years, researchers in familiarity of efl teachers with post-method and its role in second and foreign language learners’ productions have pointed out that the opportunity to plan for a task generally develops language learners’ development (ellis, 2005). it is important to mention that the critical varies in language teaching was shown is the disappearances of the concept of method ...

within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...

efl/esl textbooks have been regarded as essential language teaching materials with which the learners spend about 70 up to 90 percent of their class time. the important role they play and their vast use make them not only influential in learning the language but also in shaping values and attitudes. put it another way, textbooks socialize learners using their contents (i.e. texts, illustrations...

regarding the ever evolving and improving world on different aspects of knowledge, the need to a worldwide communication would emerge stronger than ever before which calls for special attention on the judgments and best choices for intermediating between the nations. as the language skills for translation are tested separately from translation skills themselves, to assess translation skills pro...