background: illness representations (based on leventhal's model) are associated with chronic illness outcomes. it has been suggested that targeting these cognitive components improves illness outcomes. multiple sclerosis is a common disorder between neural and immune systems that creates physical and psychological consequences. there are few pre psychological trails on these patients. the aim o...

aim and background: recently, “third wave” behavioral and cognitive interventions have received extensive attention between researchers.to evaluation of the efficacy of one of these treatments, acceptance and commitment therapy (act), this study compares this treatment with cognitive - behavioral therapy (cbt) in obsessive- compulsive disorder (ocd).   methods and materials: in this study a qua...

background : vaginismus is an involuntary spasm of the muscles of the outer third of the vagina caused by real or anticipated attempt of vaginal penetration.  it could lead to marital disharmony, guilt feeling and depression.  cognitive behavioral models for therapy of this disorder have gained considerable attention during last three decades.   objective: to determine the efficacy of self-fing...

The authors respond to the article by H. F. Coelho, P. H. Canter, and E. Ernst (2007), which reviewed the current status of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). First, they clarify the randomization procedures in the 2 main MBCT trials. Second, they report posttreatment and follow-up data to show that trial participants allocated to "treatment as usual" did not become worse. Third, they ...

Background: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder different treatment, but its treatment is very difficult. Objectives: This study aimed to develop schema therapy based on psychosocial issues of patients and compare this therapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy on rumination. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, the study population i...