A detailed discussion of the point in polygon problem for arbitrary polygons is given. Two concepts for solving this problem are known in literature: the even–odd rule and the winding number, the former leading to ray-crossing, the latter to angle summation algorithms. First we show by mathematical means that both concepts are very closely related, thereby developing a first version of an algor...

F rom the prefabricated wooden huts of Antarctic explorers in the early 20th century to the enduring limestone ruins of the Mayan city Ek’ Balam (Black Jaguar) built more than 1,200 years ago (Fig. 1), conservators, archaeologists, and other specialists are striving to understand and combat the physical, chemical, and biological processes responsible for the deterioration of these historic stru...

This article argues that the binary between quantitative and critical geography is pseudo rather than real. The duality arose, the article suggests, because of the peculiar postwar intellectual history of human geography in which the critical approach followed the quantitative one. Accordingly, for internal sociological reasons, it was necessary for the critical approach to excise everything th...